EL NEGRO NO ES TAN HERMOSO: GÉNERO, SEXUALIDAD Y TURISMO EN PANAMÁ
Descargas
Resumen
A pesar de su centralidad, el “cuerpo” se ha mantenido sorprendentemente escaso en el corpus de estudios de turismo en las ciencias sociales. El trabajo reciente se ha centrado en la mirada del turista como generizada, sexualizada y étnica, exponiendo al poseedor masculino a menudo implícito de esta mirada. Este artículo estudia la mirada del anfitrión como resultado en parte de devolver la mirada del turista. Argumento que los hombres y mujeres afroantillanos del Archipiélago de Bocas del Toro (Panamá) producen miradas encarnadas que resultan de construcciones históricas así como de devolver las miradas de la reciente ola constante de turistas que desembarcan en sus costas. Analizo cómo los cuerpos masculino y femenino son conceptualizados en el Archipiélago como depositarios de valores morales; cómo el género, la raza y la clase se cruzan en la producción de estas conceptualizaciones; y cómo estas interpretaciones se conectan de manera armoniosa y conflictiva con el desarrollo turístico de la región.Palabras clave
Género, sexualidad, turismo, afroantillano/antillano, PanamáDescargas
Citas
Anicetti, Denis
1998 “Infrastructure.” Destination Panama: 65-70.
Barriteau, Eudine
1998 “Theorizing gender systems and the project of
modernity in the twentieth-century Caribbean.”
Feminist Review 59: 186-210.
Barrow, Christine
1998 “Introduction and overview: Caribbean gender
ideologies,” pp. xi-xxxviii in Christina Barrow
(ed.), Caribbean portraits: Essays on gender ideologies
and identities. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers
and The Centre for Gender and Development
Studies.
Brennan, Denise
2004 What’s love lot to do with it?: Transnational
desires and sex tourism in the Dominican Republic.
Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Bruner, Edward and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett
1994 “Maasai on the lawn: tourist realism in East
Africa.” Cultural Anthropology 9(4): 435-470.
Caldwell, Paulette M.
1999 “A hair Piece: perspectives on the intersection
of race and gender,” pp. 275-285 in Richard Delgado
(ed.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Clifford, James
1992 “Traveling cultures,” pp. 96-112 in Lawrence
Grossberg, Cary Nelson, and Paula A. Treichler,
Cultural studies. New York: Routledge.
Crain, Mary
1996 “Negotiating identities in Quito’s cultural
borderlands: native women’s performances for the
Ecuadorean tourist market,” pp. 125-137 in David
Howes (ed.) Cross-cultural consumption: Global
markets, local realities. London and New York:
Routledge.
Friedman, Jonathan
1994 Cultural identity and global process. London,
Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Garcia Canclini, Nestor
1992 Culturas híbridas: Estrategias para entrar y salir
de la modernidad. Buenos Aires: Editoral Sudamericana.
Gillespie, Alex
2006 “Tourist photography and the reverse gaze.”
Ethos 34(3): 343-366.
Guerrón-Montero, Carla
2002 “Like an alien in we own land:” International
tourism, gender and identity in Afro-Antillean
Panama. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University
of Oregon.
2004 “Afro-Antillean cuisine and global tourism.”
Food, Culture, and Society 7(2): 29-47.
2006a “Racial democracy and nationalism in Panama.”
Ethnology 45(3): 209-228.
2006b “Tourism and Afro-Antillean identity in Panama.”
Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change
4(2): 65-84.
Heckadon Moreno, Stanley
1992 “Sumario ejecutivo.” Pp. 5-26 in Stanley
Heckadon Moreno (ed.) Agenda ecológica y social
para Bocas del Toro. Panamá: Impresora Continental.
Henry, Paget
2000 “Caliban’s reason: introducing Afro-
Caribbean philosophy.” Africana thought. London
and New York: Routledge.
Hollinshead, K
2004 ‘Symbolism in tourism: lessons from Bali
2002--Lessons from Australia’s dead heart.” Tourism
Analysis 8(2/4): 267–96.
International Technical Cooperation Agreement
(ITCA)
1993 Synthesis tourism development master plan
for Panama 1993-2002. Panama: Panama Government
Tourist Bureau IPAT and Organization of
American States.
Instituto Panameño de Turismo (IPAT)
2004 Análisis estadístico sobre el movimiento turístico-
período enero a diciembre 2002-2003. Panamá:
Instituto Panameño de Turismo.
Johnson Osirim, Mary
1997 “We toil all the livelong day: women in the
English-speaking Caribbean,” pp. 41-67 in Consuelo
Lopez-Springfield (ed.) Daughters of Caliban:
Caribbean women in the twentieth century. Bloomington
and Indianapolis, Indiana, and London: Indiana
University Press and Latin America Bureau.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara and Edward Bruner
1992 “Tourism,” pp. 300-307 in Richard Bauman
(ed.) Folklore, cultural performances, and popular
entertainments: A communications-centered handbook.
New York and Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Maynard, Mary
2001 “‘Race,’ gender and the concept of ‘difference’
in feminist thought,” pp. 121-133 in Kum Kum
Bhavnani (ed.) Feminism and ‘race,’ Oxford Readings
on Feminism. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Meisch, Lynn
1995 “Gringas and otavaleños: changing tourist relations.”
Annals of Tourism Research 22: 441-
462.
McIntosh, Robert Woodrow, Charles R. Goeldner,
and J. R. Brent Ritchie
1999 Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies.
8th edition. New York: Wiley.
Mohammed, Patricia
1998 “Editorial: rethinking Caribbean difference.”
Feminist Review 59: 1-4.
O’ Connell Davidson, Julia
1998 Prostitution, power and freedom. Cambridge:
Polity.
2002 “The rights and wrongs of prostitution.” Hypatia
17(2): 84-98. Feminist Philosophies of
Love and Work (Spring, 2002).
Opperman, Martin (ed.)
1998 Sex tourism and prostitution: Aspects of leisure,
recreation, and work. New York: Cognizant
Communication.
Patai, Daphne
1991. “U.S. academics and third world women: is
ethical research possible?,” pp. 137-153 in Shema
Berger Gluck and Daphne Patai (eds.) Women’s
words: The feminist practice of oral history. New
York: Routledge.
Patiño, Arnulfo
1997 “Xenofilia, pecado capital de la sociedad panameña.”
Revista Cultural Lotería 415: 29-39.
Paulson, Susan
2007 “Modern norms, queer fields of study, and
emerging social movements in Bolivia.” Paper presented
at the XXVII International Congress of the
Latin American Studies Association. September 5-
8, 2007. Montréal, Canada.
Pritchard, Annette and Nigel Morgan
2005 ‘On location’: Re(viewing) bodies of fashion
and places of desire.” Tourist Studies 5(3): 283-
302.
Pruitt, Deborah and Suzanne Lafonte
1995 “For love and money: romance tourism in
Jamaica.” Annals of Tourism Research 22(2): 422-
440.
Sánchez Taylor, Jacqueline
2001 “Dollars are a girl’s best friend? Female tourists’
´sexual behaviour in the Caribbean.” Sociology
35(3): 749-64.
Segal, Lynne
1999 Review of Prostitution, power, and freedom,
by Julia O’ Connell Davidson. The American
Journal of Sociology 105(3): 874-876.
Shepherd, Catherine
1999 “Introduction,” pp. xvi-xviii in Patricia Mohammed
and Catherine Shepherd (eds.) Gender in
Caribbean development, Second edition. Kingston:
Canoe Press University of the West Indies.
Veijola, Soile and Eeva Jokinen.
1994 “The body in tourism.” Theory, Culture and
Society 11(3): 125-151.
Wade, Peter
2000 Music, race, and nation: Música tropical in
Colombia. Chicago and London: The University of
Chicago Press.
Wiltshire-Brodber, Rosina
1999 “Gender, Race and Class in the Caribbean,”
pp. 136-148 in Patricia Mohammed and Catherine
Shepherd (eds.) Gender in Caribbean development,
Second edition. Kingston: Canoe Press University
of the West Indies.